Doctors in veterinary, human medicine team to give burned horse a second chance

Doctors in veterinary, human medicine team to give burned horse a second chance

June 17, 2013 — The unlikely pairing of an equine veterinarian and a burn surgeon is providing a second chance at a normal life for a horse that was doused in flammable liquid and set on fire late last summer.

The Ohio State University doctors and their teams have partnered to perform two skin graft procedures on the American Paint Horse named Northstar, who suffered severe burns to almost half of his body when the abuse occurred.

The same instruments used in a typical human burn surgery were used for the horse's grafting procedures. The clinicians removed ultrathin sheets of skin from Northstar's chest and expanded them with a meshing tool before placing the grafts across an enormous wound spanning the horse's back.

When he arrived in Columbus on Sept. 5, Northstar had exposed bone at the base of his neck as a result of the burns. Skin damage extended from his neck to the base of his tail and along both of his sides. No suspect has been identified in the case.

The doctors' collaboration -- not to mention the unusual size of the back wound -- has provided a rare learning experience for both clinicians and their colleagues.

"There's been a lot of trial and error with the challenges of how to bandage him, what the most appropriate antiseptic is for cleaning the wound bed, and the biology of burned tissue in a horse," said Samuel Hurcombe, assistant professor of veterinary clinical sciences and the leader of Northstar's care team.

Veterinary experts got the healing off to a good start with relentless wound management, a series of smaller skin grafts and the implantation of cell cultures in the wound bed. These procedures were performed to bring top-layer skin tissue to the central area of the expansive wound bed on Northstar's neck and shoulders, where all his skin had burned away.

To address the large wound across the horse's back, Hurcombe consulted longtime trauma and burn surgeon Larry Jones at Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center. The two observed one another's surgeries and studied human- and veterinary-medicine journal articles before teaming to accelerate Northstar's care.

Jones, associate professor of clinical surgery and director of the Burn Center at the medical center, led the two larger skin graft surgeries. Early on, he encountered a significant challenge: how deep to set the tool that would peel off the donor skin.

"We want to take the top layer of skin but we also need a portion of the second layer, the dermis," he said. After Jones consulted with Hurcombe and the two conducted more research, "I knew I had to take a graft that's about twice as thick as one I would take if I were operating on a human."

The team then ran the graft through a mesher that cut holes in the graft skin and allowed for expansion of the graft to about four times its original size. "When the graft takes, the holes will fill in from skin cells growing from the edges," Jones said.

They dressed the wounds with bandages containing medical-grade silver, which functions as an antibiotic, to speed healing of the grafts and the donor sites.

At this stage of the horse's recovery, more than half of the initial wound is healed, with the repair resulting from both the various skin grafting procedures and normal closure along the edges of the damaged skin. Northstar will likely undergo a series of additional sheet graft surgeries to completely heal the wound. Multiple grafts are often required for extensive human burn injuries, as well.

"It's a slow process but even in the time we've been caring for him, he has made remarkable progress," said Hurcombe, a specialist in equine emergency and critical care. "From a welfare standpoint, his psychology is great and after what he's gone through, the fact that he is still so trusting of people is pretty amazing."

While he initially appeared to be a dark horse for recovery, Northstar persevered through weeks of daily cleansing and removal of dead and infected tissue followed by the application of antiseptics, honey, aloe and silver sulfadiazine cream, a common human burn treatment, to his damaged tissue.

In yet another application of human medicine in veterinary care, the team has treated Northstar with gabapentin (sold under the brand name Neurontin), a medication used for neuropathic pain in humans, to treat the severe itching and nerve-related pain that is typical in burn patients as they recover.

Northstar, who turned 7 in January, is a "young, naughty boy" and would love nothing more than to toss himself to the ground and roll on his back to scratch that persistent itch, Hurcombe said. So the horse is gently tethered to keep him standing and he wears a cradle that immobilizes his neck several hours throughout the day. He is also covered in bandages and wears what is called a full-body "sleazy" covering that is typically seen on show horses.

The clinicians hope that Northstar will have a complete layer of skin coverage by his 8th birthday. The road ahead is a long one, both physicians acknowledge. The location of his back wound is a tricky one to treat because even with secure bandages from his neck to his tail, the horse anatomy in the location of the burn is such that Northstar's every movement slightly disturbs the grafted areas.

"His skin graft take is a little less than what I am used to in humans," Jones noted. "But as Dr. Hurcombe reminds me, considering his hospital bed is in a barn, he is doing very well.

"I view Northstar in the same way as I do any of my other patients. I just want him to get better and go on and live his life as a horse."

Northstar's owners live in northwestern Pennsylvania, where police have investigated the burning incident as a criminal case.

"All the owners want is for him to be happy, pain-free and able to live his life with his pasture mates," Hurcombe said. "He is bright and alert, he interacts with people and he can eat and drink and do all the things that a horse can normally do as far as function. And he has been telling us through his behaviors that he wants to live. "

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