2020年11月26日星期四

速入! 3W字带你迅速上手MQ

1. 消息队列解决了什么问题

消息中间件是目前比较流行的一个中间件,其中RabbitMQ更是占有一定的市场份额,主要用来做异步处理、应用解耦、流量削峰、日志处理等等方面。

1. 异步处理

一个用户登陆网址注册,然后系统发短信跟邮件告知注册成功,一般有三种解决方法。

  1. 串行到依次执行,问题是用户注册后就可以使用了,没必要等验证码跟邮件。

  2. 注册成功后,邮件跟验证码用并行等方式执行,问题是邮件跟验证码是非重要的任务,系统注册还要等这俩完成么?

  3. 基于异步MQ的处理,用户注册成功后直接把信息异步发送到MQ中,然后邮件系统跟验证码系统主动去拉取数据

2. 应用解耦

比如我们有一个订单系统,还要一个库存系统,用户下订单了就要调用下库存系统来处理,直接调用到话库存系统出现问题咋办呢?

3. 流量削峰

举办一个 秒杀活动,如何较好到设计?服务层直接接受瞬间搞密度访问绝对不可以起码要加入一个MQ。

4. 日志处理

用户通过WebUI访问发送请求到时候后端如何接受跟处理呢一般?

2. RabbitMQ 安装跟配置

官网:https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html

开发语言:https://www.erlang.org/

正式到安装跟允许需要Erlang跟RabbitMQ俩版本之间相互兼容!我这里图省事直接用Docker 拉取镜像了。下载:

开启:管理页面 默认账号:guest  默认密码:guest 。Docker启动时候可以指定账号密码对外端口以及

docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 -p 25672:25672 -p 61613:61613 -p 1883:1883 rabbitmq:management 

启动:​用户添加:​vitrual hosts 相当于mysql中的DB。创建一个virtual hosts,一般以/ 开头。​对用户进行授权,点击/vhost_mmr,

 

至于WebUI多点点即可了解。

3. 实战

RabbitMQ 官网支持任务模式:https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.htm

l创建Maven项目导入必要依赖:

   
 <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>   <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>   <version>4.0.2</version>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>   <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>   <version>1.7.10</version>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>   <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>   <version>1.7.5</version>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>log4j</groupId>   <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>   <version>1.2.17</version>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>junit</groupId>   <artifactId>junit</artifactId>   <version>4.11</version>  </dependency> </dependencies>

  


0. 获取MQ连接

package com.sowhat.mq.util;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class ConnectionUtils { /**  * 连接器  * @return  * @throws IOException  * @throws TimeoutException  */ public static Connection getConnection() throws IOException, TimeoutException {  ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();  factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");  factory.setPort(5672);  factory.setVirtualHost("/vhost_mmr");  factory.setUsername("user_mmr");  factory.setPassword("sowhat");  Connection connection = factory.newConnection();  return connection; }}

  


1. 简单队列

 

P:Producer 消息的生产者 中间:Queue消息队列 C:Consumer 消息的消费者

package com.sowhat.mq.simple;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_simple_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 获取一个连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 从连接获取一个通道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 创建队列声明  AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  String msg = "hello Simple";  // exchange,队列,参数,消息字节体  channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());  System.out.println("--send msg:" + msg);  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.simple;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;/** * 消费者获取消息 */public class Recv { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  newApi();  oldApi(); } private static void newApi() throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 创建连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 创建频道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 队列声明 队列名,是否持久化,是否独占模式,无消息后是否自动删除,消息携带参数  channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);  // 定义消费者  DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件模型,消息来了会触发该函数   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("---new api recv:" + s);   }  };  // 监听队列  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME,true,defaultConsumer); } // 老方法 消费者 MQ 在3。4以下 用次方法, private static void oldApi() throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  // 创建连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 创建频道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 定义队列消费者  QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);  //监听队列  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);  while (true) {   // 发货体   QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();   byte[] body = delivery.getBody();   String s = new String(body);   System.out.println("---Recv:" + s);  } }}

  


右上角有可以设置页面刷新频率,然后可以在UI界面直接手动消费掉,如下图:

 

 

简单队列的不足:耦合性过高,生产者一一对应消费者,如果有多个消费者想消费队列中信息就无法实现了。

2. WorkQueue 工作队列

Simple队列中只能一一对应的生产消费,实际开发中生产者发消息很简单,而消费者要跟业务结合,消费者接受到消息后要处理从而会耗时。「可能会出现队列中出现消息积压」。所以如果多个消费者可以加速消费。

1. round robin 轮询分发

代码编程一个生产者两个消费者:

package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取 channel  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 声明队列  AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  for (int i = 0; i <50 ; i++) {   String msg = "hello-" + i;   System.out.println("WQ send " + msg);   channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());   Thread.sleep(i*20);  }  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取通道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 声明队列  channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【1】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(2000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【1】 done");    }   }  };  boolean autoAck = true;  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取通道  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 声明队列  channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【2】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(1000 );    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【2】 done");    }   }  };  boolean autoAck = true;  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}

  


现象:消费者1 跟消费者2 处理的数据量完全一样的个数:消费者1:处理偶数 消费者2:处理奇数 这种方式叫轮询分发(round-robin)结果就是不管两个消费者谁忙,「数据总是你一个我一个」,MQ 给两个消费发数据的时候是不知道消费者性能的,默认就是雨露均沾。此时 autoAck = true。

2. 公平分发 fair dipatch

如果要实现公平分发,要让消费者消费完毕一条数据后就告知MQ,再让MQ发数据即可。自动应答要关闭!

package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_work_queue"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取 channel  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // s声明队列  AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk declareOk = channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  // 每个消费者发送确认消息之前,消息队列不发送下一个消息到消费者,一次只发送一个消息  // 从而限制一次性发送给消费者到消息不得超过1个。  int perfetchCount = 1;  channel.basicQos(perfetchCount);  for (int i = 0; i <50 ; i++) {   String msg = "hello-" + i;   System.out.println("WQ send " + msg);   channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msg.getBytes());   Thread.sleep(i*20);  }  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取通道  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 声明队列  channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  // 保证一次只分发一个  channel.basicQos(1);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【1】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(2000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【1】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.work;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  // 获取连接  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  // 获取通道  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 声明队列  channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  // 保证一次只分发一个  channel.basicQos(1);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【2】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【2】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}

  


结果:实现了公平分发,消费者2 是消费者1消费数量的2倍。

3. publish/subscribe 发布订阅模式

类似公众号的订阅跟发布,无需指定routingKey:

解读:

  1. 一个生产者多个消费者

  2. 每一个消费者都有一个自己的队列

  3. 生产者没有把消息直接发送到队列而是发送到了交换机转化器(exchange)

  4. 每一个队列都要绑定到交换机上。

  5. 生产者发送的消息经过交换机到达队列,从而实现一个消息被多个消费者消费。

生产者:

package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  //声明交换机  channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"fanout");// 分发= fanout  // 发送消息  String msg = "hello ps ";  channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,"",null,msg.getBytes());  System.out.println("Send:" + msg);  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}

  


消息哪儿去了?丢失了,在RabbitMQ中只有队列有存储能力,「因为这个时候队列还没有绑定到交换机 所以消息丢失了」。消费者:

package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_email"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 队列声明  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);  // 绑定队列到交换机转发器  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"" );  // 保证一次只分发一个  channel.basicQos(1);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【1】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(2000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【1】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.ps;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_fanout_sms"; public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_fanout"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // 队列声明  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);  // 绑定队列到交换机转发器  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"" );  // 保证一次只分发一个  channel.basicQos(1);  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【2】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【2】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}

  


「同时还可以自己手动的添加一个队列监控到该exchange」

4. routing 路由选择 通配符模式

Exchange(交换机,转发器):「一方面接受生产者消息,另一方面是向队列推送消息」。匿名转发用 ""  表示,比如前面到简单队列跟WorkQueue。fanout:不处理路由键。「不需要指定routingKey」,我们只需要把队列绑定到交换机,「消息就会被发送到所有到队列中」direct:处理路由键,「需要指定routingKey」,此时生产者发送数据到时候会指定key,任务队列也会指定key,只有key一样消息才会被传送到队列中。如下图

package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // exchange  channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");  String msg = "hello info!";  // 可以指定类型  String routingKey = "info";  channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,msg.getBytes());  System.out.println("Send : " + msg);  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_1"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);  channel.basicQos(1);  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"error");  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【1】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(2000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【1】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.routing;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_direct"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_direct_2"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  channel.basicQos(1);  // 绑定种类似 Key  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "error");  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "info");  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "warning");  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【2】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【2】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}

  


WebUI:

 

缺点:路由key必须要明确,无法实现规则性模糊匹配。

5. Topics 主题

将路由键跟某个模式匹配,# 表示匹配 >=1个字符, *表示匹配一个。生产者会带routingKey,但是消费者的MQ会带模糊routingKey。

 

商品:发布、删除、修改、查询。

package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  // exchange  channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");  String msg = "商品!";  // 可以指定类型  String routingKey = "goods.find";  channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());  System.out.println("Send : " + msg);  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv1 { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_1"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false,false,false,null);  channel.basicQos(1);  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME,EXCHANGE_NAME,"goods.add");  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【1】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(2000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【1】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}---package com.sowhat.mq.topic;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv2 { public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "test_exchange_topic"; public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_topic_2"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  channel.basicQos(1);  // 此乃重点  channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, "goods.#");  //定义消费者  DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override // 事件触发机制   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    String s = new String(body, "utf-8");    System.out.println("【2】:" + s);    try {     Thread.sleep(1000);    } catch (InterruptedException e) {     e.printStackTrace();    } finally {     System.out.println("【2】 done");     // 手动回执     channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);    }   }  };  // 自动应答  boolean autoAck = false;  channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer); }}

  


6. MQ的持久化跟非持久化

因为消息在内存中,如果MQ挂了那么消息也丢失了,所以应该考虑MQ的持久化。MQ是支持持久化的,

// 声明队列channel.queueDeclare(Send.QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); /**  * Declare a queue  * @see com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.Queue.Declare  * @see com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.Queue.DeclareOk  * @param queue the name of the queue  * @param durable true if we are declaring a durable queue (the queue will survive a server restart)  * @param exclusive true if we are declaring an exclusive queue (restricted to this connection)  * @param autoDelete true if we are declaring an autodelete queue (server will delete it when no longer in use)  * @param arguments other properties (construction arguments) for the queue  * @return a declaration-confirm method to indicate the queue was successfully declared  * @throws java.io.IOException if an error is encountered  */ Queue.DeclareOk queueDeclare(String queue, boolean durable, boolean exclusive, boolean autoDelete,         Map<String, Object> arguments) throws IOException;

  


boolean durable就是表明是否可以持久化,如果我们将程序中的durable = false改为true是不可以的!因为我们已经定义过的test_work_queue,这个queue已声明为未持久化的。结论:MQ 不允许修改一个已经存在的队列参数。

7. 消费者端手动跟自动确认消息

        // 自动应答        boolean autoAck = false;        channel.basicConsume(Send.QUEUE_NAME, autoAck, consumer);

当MQ发送数据个消费者后,消费者要对收到对信息应答给MQ。

如果autoAck = true 表示「自动确认模式」,一旦MQ把消息分发给消费者就会把消息从内存中删除。如果消费者收到消息但是还没有消费完而MQ中数据已删除则会导致丢失了正在处理对消息。

如果autoAck = false表示「手动确认模式」,如果有个消费者挂了,MQ因为没有收到回执信息可以把该信息再发送给其他对消费者。

MQ支持消息应答(Message acknowledgement),消费者发送一个消息应答告诉MQ这个消息已经被消费了,MQ才从内存中删除。消息应答模式「默认为 false」

8. RabbitMQ生产者端消息确认机制(事务 + confirm)

在RabbitMQ中我们可以通过持久化来解决MQ服务器异常的数据丢失问题,但是「生产者如何确保数据发送到MQ了」?默认情况下生产者也是不知道的。如何解决 呢?

1. AMQP事务

第一种方式AMQP实现了事务机制,类似mysql的事务机制。txSelect:用户将当前channel设置为transition模式。txCommit:用于提交事务。txRollback:用于回滚事务。

以上都是对生产者对操作。

package com.sowhat.mq.tx;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class TxSend { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_tx"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  String msg = "hello tx message";  try {   //开启事务模式   channel.txSelect();   channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());   int x = 1 / 0;      // 提交事务   channel.txCommit();  } catch (IOException e) {   // 回滚   channel.txRollback();   System.out.println("send message rollback");  } finally {   channel.close();   connection.close();  } }}---package com.sowhat.mq.tx;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class TxRecv { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_tx"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  String s = channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    System.out.println("recv[tx] msg:" + new String(body, "utf-8"));   }  });  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}

  


缺点就是大量对请求尝试然后失败然后回滚,会降低MQ的吞吐量。

2. Confirm模式。

「生产者端confirm实现原理」生产者将信道设置为confirm模式,一旦信道进入了confirm模式,所以该信道上发布的信息都会被派一个唯一的ID(从1开始),一旦消息被投递到所有的匹配队列后,Broker就回发送一个确认给生产者(包含消息唯一ID),这就使得生产者知道消息已经正确到达目的队列了,如果消息跟队列是可持久化的,那么确认消息会在消息写入到磁盘后才发出。broker回传给生产者到确认消息中deliver-tag域包含了确认消息到序列号,此外broker也可以设置basic.ack的multiple域,表示这个序列号之前所以信息都已经得到处理。

Confirm模式最大的好处在于是异步的。第一条消息发送后不用一直等待回复后才发第二条消息。

开启confirm模式:channel.confimSelect()编程模式:

1. 普通的发送一个消息后就 waitForConfirms()

package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send1 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  // 将channel模式设置为 confirm模式,注意设置这个不能设置为事务模式。  channel.confirmSelect();  String msg = "hello confirm message";  channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());  if (!channel.waitForConfirms()) {   System.out.println("消息发送失败");  } else {   System.out.println("消息发送OK");  }  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Recv { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  String s = channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {   @Override   public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    System.out.println("recv[tx] msg:" + new String(body, "utf-8"));   }  }); }}

  


2. 批量的发一批数据 waitForConfirms()

package com.sowhat.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send2 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm1"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  // 将channel模式设置为 confirm模式,注意设置这个不能设置为事务模式。  channel.confirmSelect();  String msg = "hello confirm message";  // 批量发送  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {   channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, msg.getBytes());  }  // 确认  if (!channel.waitForConfirms()) {   System.out.println("消息发送失败");  } else {   System.out.println("消息发送OK");  }  channel.close();  connection.close(); }}---接受信息跟上面一样

  


3. 异步confirm模式,提供一个回调方法。

Channel对象提供的ConfirmListener()回调方法只包含deliveryTag(包含当前发出消息序号),我们需要自己为每一个Channel维护一个unconfirm的消息序号集合,每publish一条数据,集合中元素加1,每回调一次handleAck方法,unconfirm集合删掉响应的一条(multiple=false)或多条(multiple=true)记录,从运行效率来看,unconfirm集合最好采用有序集合SortedSet存储结构。

package com.sowhat.mq.confirm;import com.rabbitmq.client.*;import com.sowhat.mq.util.ConnectionUtils;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.SortedSet;import java.util.TreeSet;import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;public class Send3 { public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "test_queue_confirm3"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {  Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();  Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);  //生产者调用confirmSelect  channel.confirmSelect();  // 存放未确认消息  final SortedSet<Long> confirmSet = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Long>());  // 添加监听通道  channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {   // 回执有问题的   public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {    if (multiple) {     System.out.println("--handleNack---multiple");     confirmSet.headSet(deliveryTag + 1).clear();    } else {     System.out.println("--handleNack-- multiple false");     confirmSet.remove(deliveryTag);    }   }   // 没有问题的handleAck   public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {    if (multiple) {     System.out.println("--handleAck---multiple");     confirmSet.headSet(deliveryTag + 1).clear();    } else {     System.out.println("--handleAck--multiple false");     confirmSet.remove(deliveryTag);    }   }  });  // 一般情况下是先开启 消费者,指定好 exchange跟routingkey,如果生产者等routingkey 就会触发这个return 方法  channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {   public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {    System.out.println("---- handle return----");    System.out.println("replyCode:" + replyCode );    System.out.println("replyText:" +replyText );    System.out.println("exchange:" + exchange);    System.out.println("routingKey:" + routingKey);    System.out.println("properties:" + properties);    System.out.println("body:" + new String(body));   }  });  String msgStr = "sssss";  while(true){   long nextPublishSeqNo = channel.getNextPublishSeqNo();   channel.basicPublish("",QUEUE_NAME,null,msgStr.getBytes());   confirmSet.add(nextPublishSeqNo);   Thread.sleep(1000);  } }}

  


总结:AMQP模式相对来说没Confirm模式性能好些,推荐使用后者。

9. RabbitMQ延迟队列 跟死信

淘宝订单付款,验证码等限时类型服务。

       
 Map<String,Object> headers = new HashMap<String,Object>();  headers.put("my1","111");  headers.put("my2","222");  AMQP.BasicProperties build = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().deliveryMode(2).contentEncoding("utf-8").expiration("10000").headers(headers).build();

  


死信的处理:

10. SpringBoot Tpoic Demo

需求图:

 

​新建SpringBoot 项目添加如下依赖:

      
 <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>  </dependency>

  


1. 生产者

application.ymlspring: rabbitmq: host: 127.0.0.1 username: admin password: admin

  


测试用例:

package com.sowhat.mqpublisher;import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;@SpringBootTestclass MqpublisherApplicationTests { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate; @Test void userInfo() {  /**   * exchange,routingKey,message   */  this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("log.topic","user.log.error","Users..."); }}

  


2. 消费者

application.

  


详细安装跟代码看参考下载:

总结

如果需要指定模式一般是在消费者端设置,灵活性调节。

 

 

模式生产者Queue生产者exchange生产者routingKey消费者exchange消费者queueroutingKey
Simple(简单模式少用)指定不指定不指定不指定指定不指定
WorkQueue(多个消费者少用)指定不指定不指定不指定指定不指定
fanout(publish/subscribe模式)不指定指定不指定指定指定不指定
direct(路由模式)不指定指定指定指定指定消费者routingKey精确指定多个
topic(主题模糊匹配)不指定指定指定指定指定消费者routingKey可以进行模糊匹配

 

 

 

 

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原作者:sowhat1412

原文链接:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/DUhHC2Oum7LNJnY76pbrxQ

来源:公众号 









原文转载:http://www.shaoqun.com/a/493133.html

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